Paper Details

Multi-hazard approaches for risk assessment are applied in two ways: First we need to study single hazards in each area before combining our results. The level of impact between a hazard and vulnerable entities at risk depends on the identified weak points. Due to distinct natural terrain Jammu & Kashmir encounters multiple kinds of risks which make it difficult to manage untoward events. North Kashmir in the Himalayan seismic zone experiences various natural threats including earthquakes floods landslides and snowslides. Through extensive hazard analysis this project measures risks from different disasters to suggest specific protective actions. This research measures vulnerability through combinations of poverty levels, population growth numbers, human settlement trends, forestry losses, environmental stress, climate effects, public understanding gaps, direct field checks and local stakeholder insight. It takes together both physical landscape threats and societal impacts to generate a multi-risk vulnerability scale. The research shows major differences in disaster risk between particular districts and villages showing us the necessity to plan local disaster protection. Our research supports better management of disasters in North Kashmir while also building stronger communities that withstand risks better.

Multi-hazard vulnerability, disaster risk reduction, Himalayan seismic zone, poverty, resilience, climate change.