Paper Details

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi are two of the most influential figures in India’s political and social history, shaping the nation’s trajectory during the twentieth century. While both sought an independent, equitable, and democratic India, their approaches and methods differed fundamentally. Ambedkar’s contributions were structural and institutional, grounded in constitutional law, parliamentary design, and the establishment of governance mechanisms that guaranteed social justice and equality. Gandhi’s influence, by contrast, was largely indirect, shaping political culture, moral consciousness, and participatory governance through nonviolent mass movements, ethical persuasion, and grassroots engagement. This paper offers a detailed, neutral examination of both leaders’ contributions, with an emphasis on Ambedkar’s role as Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly and Gandhi’s indirect but pervasive political influence. Drawing from historical records, archival materials, and contemporary scholarship, the paper explores how Ambedkar’s legal and institutional vision ensured the protection of fundamental rights, social inclusion, and a balanced federal structure, while Gandhi’s philosophy instilled a participatory ethos and moral framework that continues to influence Indian political life. Key aspects include Ambedkar’s advocacy for the abolition of untouchability, affirmative action policies, and the establishment of independent constitutional bodies, contrasted with Gandhi’s emphasis on nonviolent resistance, decentralization through gram swaraj, and mobilization of the masses for civic participation. The study also examines points of convergence, such as their shared commitment to ending social discrimination and promoting democracy, and divergence, including differing strategies on caste reform, economic development, and political representation. The analysis situates their legacies in contemporary India, highlighting how Ambedkar’s structural interventions provide a legal framework for governance, while Gandhi’s moral and participatory principles inform civil movements, ethical politics, and grassroots activism. The paper concludes by suggesting that understanding the interplay between Ambedkar’s institutional approach and Gandhi’s moral influence is essential for navigating current challenges in Indian governance, social justice, and democracy. This synthesis provides insights into how India’s democratic foundations are sustained through the complementary contributions of two ideologically distinct yet equally transformative leaders.

Indian Constitution, political institutions, nonviolence, social justice, democracy, moral politics.