Paper Details

The paper deconstructs the broader concepts of intersectionality as a framework developed by Kimberlé Crenshaw which specifically analyzes how various forms of inequality such as racism, sexism, classism, etc. overlap, and reinforce each other to create unique experiences of marginalization. Here, oppression serves as the overarching term for the interlocking systems of power and disadvantage that affect people across all these categories simultaneously. Although context of violence against women of color is the background of this, it acts as an umbrella term of including Gramsci's theory of hegemony which involves the leadership of a dominant class over allied groups, achieved through intellectual and moral leadership; the ideological struggle is essential for establishing a collective will that transcends individual class interests; and the concept of passive revolution. As an extension, this accommodates gender theory examines the relationship between gender roles and sexuality, rooted in feminist theory as outlined by Michel Foucault, Simone de Beauvoir and Judith Butler. The paper also includes a comprehensive exploration of ecofeminism, a theoretical framework and social movement that connects the oppression of women, nature, and animals. In this regard, well-known literary writings from across the globe like Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah, Octavia Butler’s Kindred, Y. B. Mangunwijaya’s Rara Mendut, Tamura’s Miira no Kuchibeni and Indian writings like Meena Kandasamy’s Ms. Militancy (2010), and Baby Kamble’s The Prisons We Broke have been discussed with reference to vulnerability and resistance as well.

Neo-Marginalization, hegemony, ideological struggle, feminist theory, vulnerability and resistance