Paper Details

The agricultural sector has long supported human civilization through food production, livelihood, and economic development. Among its branches, fruit and vegetable cultivation has emerged as a dynamic and fast-evolving area. In recent years, this sector has witnessed a major transformation, largely driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and digital technologies. Traditional, labor-intensive methods are increasingly replaced by data-driven, automated systems that enhance precision, efficiency, and sustainability. Key innovations such as AI-powered disease detection, ML-based yield prediction, smart irrigation, and digital advisory tools have significantly improved decision-making and resource optimization. These technologies use real-time data from sensors, drones, and mobile apps to empower farmers, reduce risks, and increase profitability. Mechanization and biotechnological advancements have further supported the development of high-yielding, climate-resilient varieties. However, barriers like high initial investment, limited digital literacy, and policy gaps remain challenges. This paper examines the technological evolution in fruit and vegetable production, emphasizing AI and ML-driven advancements, and highlights their role in building a resilient, inclusive, and sustainable horticulture sector.

Horticulture, Precision Farming, ML, AI, Post-Harvest Management, Sustainable Agriculture.