Paper Details

The concept of national security has undergone significant transformation in the twenty-first century due to rapid technological advancements, emerging geopolitical rivalries and the rise of non-traditional threats. Traditional military-centric approaches are no longer sufficient to address contemporary challenges such as cyber warfare, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled conflict, hybrid warfare, economic coercion, terrorism and climate-induced instability. This paper examines the modernization of national security strategies in the context of evolving global threats and technological innovations. This paper analyzes the evolution of security paradigms from conventional defense systems to comprehensive security frameworks incorporating cybersecurity, intelligence modernization, economic resilience and technological integration. It further evaluates major challenges in national security modernization, including ethical concerns surrounding AI, financial constraints and geopolitical tensions among major powers. The study argues that future national security frameworks must be adaptive, technology-driven and multidimensional while maintaining ethical governance and international cooperation. The paper concludes that effective modernization requires a balanced integration of advanced technologies, strategic alliances, indigenous innovation and democratic accountability to ensure sustainable national security in an increasingly uncertain global environment.

National security, modernization, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, hybrid warfare, defense technology